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"Les notes de la FRS" are short commentaries on current events, based on work produced by the research team. The authors are solely responsible for their contents.

Latest "Notes de la FRS"

India’s Indo-Pacific - The 2018 Shangri-La Dialogue speech: a conceptual cornerstone?

Note de la FRS n°22/2024

India’s Indo-Pacific - The 2018 Shangri-La Dialogue speech: a conceptual cornerstone?

Thibault Fournol, October 2024

The port of Alexandroupolis: a strategic and geopolitical assessment

Note de la FRS n°18/2024

The port of Alexandroupolis: a strategic and geopolitical assessment

Aris Marghelis, August 2024

The IRGC Navy’s long-term strategy of asymmetrical warfare

Note de la FRS n°14/2024

The IRGC Navy’s long-term strategy of asymmetrical warfare

Pierre Boussel, May 2024

The Middle East caught in an impossible equation

Note de la FRS n°13/2024

The Middle East caught in an impossible equation

Laure Foucher, April 2024

The Meloni government’s “Mattei plan”: towards an African policy for Italy?

Note de la FRS n°10/2024

The Meloni government’s “Mattei plan”: towards an African policy for Italy?

Jean-Pierre Darnis, April 2024

Buzzword or real threat? How concerns over nuclear capabilities in outer space can trigger the extension of space security discussions

Note de la FRS n°09/2024

Buzzword or real threat? How concerns over nuclear capabilities in outer space can trigger the extension of space security discussions

Laetitia Cesari, March 2024

“Nuclear spring is coming”: examining French nuclear deterrence in response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine

Note de la FRS n°08/2024

“Nuclear spring is coming”: examining French nuclear deterrence in response to Russia’s actions in Ukraine

Polina Sinovets, Adérito Vicente, March 2024

A military solution in Gaza is an illusion

Note de la FRS n°24/2023

A military solution in Gaza is an illusion

Laure Foucher, November 2023

The shadow war between Israel and Iran

Note de la FRS n°21/2023

The shadow war between Israel and Iran

Pierre Boussel, October 2023

Reconceptualizing French foreign and security policy in the Indo-Pacific

Note de la FRS n°17/2023

Reconceptualizing French foreign and security policy in the Indo-Pacific

Antoine Bondaz, July 2023

Implementing the French Space Defence Strategy: Towards Space Control?

Note de la FRS n°15/2023

Implementing the French Space Defence Strategy: Towards Space Control?

Xavier Pasco, Paul Wohrer, June 2023

War against Ukraine: how to make deterrence and arms control work

Note de la FRS n°11/2023

War against Ukraine: how to make deterrence and arms control work

Sascha Hach, Polina Sinovets, April 2023

Archive 2023

Withdrawing from the NPT – legal and strategic considerations Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

21 Mar 2023

The evolution of Italian space policy Note de la FRS Jean-Pierre Darnis

24 Jan 2023

Archive 2022

Are nuclear weapons ineffective in deterring non-nuclear weapon states? The paradox of Russia’s war on Ukraine Note de la FRS Polina Sinovets, Adérito Vicente

19 Dec 2022

The new age of armed groups in the Middle East Note de la FRS Pierre Boussel

13 Dec 2022

Natural Gas Issues in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Case of the Israeli-Lebanese Conflict Note de la FRS Rodolph El Chami

02 Sep 2022

Is there a need to think differently about strategic risk reduction? Note de la FRS Benjamin Hautecouverture

02 Aug 2022

The road to a moratorium on kinetic ASAT testing is paved with good intentions, but is it feasible? Note de la FRS Almudena Azcárate Ortega, Laetitia Cesari

23 May 2022

Two months on in the Ukraine war: what role for the kadyrovtsy? Note de la FRS Harold Chambers

17 May 2022

One month on in the Ukraine war: what role for the kadyrovtsy? Note de la FRS Harold Chambers

06 Apr 2022

Archive 2021

Reassurance and Deterrence in the Mediterranean: the Franco-Greek Defense Deal Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

26 Nov 2021

China crosses the Rubicon: a scenario for war over Taiwan Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

22 Oct 2021

Towards a jihadist neo-sanctuary in Afghanistan? Note de la FRS Jean-Luc Marret

29 Sep 2021

Financing the post-Kabul Alliance: the challenges of the reform of NATO’s common funding Note de la FRS Benoit d'Aboville

27 Sep 2021

Should we negotiate with armed terrorist groups? Note de la FRS Pierre Boussel

22 Apr 2021

Japan and the EU: shared interests and cooperation Note de la FRS Valérie Niquet

22 Mar 2021

Elements of change and continuity in the future of the Indo-Pacific Note de la FRS Monika Chansoria

02 Mar 2021

Archive 2020

China’s challenging year in Europe Note de la FRS Philippe Le Corre

20 Nov 2020

EU-Russia relations and the crisis in Belarus: toward a more “geopolitical” Europe? Note de la FRS Dr. Zachary Paikin

10 Nov 2020

China, the U.S. and a post-Covid Indo-Pacific setting Note de la FRS Monika Chansoria

05 Nov 2020

Europe, Germany and defense: priorities and challenges of the German EU presidency and the way ahead for European Defense Note de la FRS Claudia Major, Christian Mölling

13 Oct 2020

The New Start Treaty: Assessment and Outlook Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre, Bruno Tertrais

24 Sep 2020

Russia’s policy towards Belarus during Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s fifth presidential term Note de la FRS Milàn Czerny

03 Aug 2020

Covid-19, jihadism and the challenge of a pandemic Note de la FRS Pierre Boussel

20 Jul 2020

Cyber, a particular field of naval thought Note de la FRS Nicolas Mazzucchi

07 Jul 2020

Iran, Covid-19, sanctions and the nuclear issue Note de la FRS Benjamin Hautecouverture

04 Jun 2020

Nuclear Planet: the NPT and Covid-19 Note de la FRS Benjamin Hautecouverture

02 Jun 2020

European technological sovereignty: a response to the Covid-19 crisis? Note de la FRS Jean-Pierre Darnis

29 May 2020

Breaking the taboo: why it is so hard to lead a strategic nuclear dialogue with Germany Note de la FRS Julia Berghofer

27 Apr 2020

The Maghreb facing Covid-19 Note de la FRS Pierre Boussel

23 Apr 2020

Italy, a target destination for China’s propaganda Note de la FRS Philippe Le Corre

15 Apr 2020

European energy transition after Covid-19: from Green Deal to 'Gas Deal'? Note de la FRS Nicolas Mazzucchi

08 Apr 2020

Year of the Rat. The Strategic Consequences of the Coronavirus Crisis Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

06 Apr 2020

Archive 2019

The “tactical cloud”, a key element of the future combat air system Note de la FRS Philippe Gros

02 Oct 2019

On cyber and war Note de la FRS Olivier Kempf

06 Sep 2019

The end of arms control? Note de la FRS Dominique David, Isabelle Facon, Philippe Gros, Emmanuel Puig, Emmanuelle Maitre, Zacharie Gross, Benjamin Hautecouverture, Bruno Racine

20 Jun 2019

A future endo-atmospheric interceptor: what threats and what technologies Note de la FRS Stéphane Delory

20 May 2019

Towards a German Sonderweg? Note de la FRS Julia Berghofer

14 Feb 2019

The death of the INF Treaty or the end of the post-Cold war era Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

04 Feb 2019

Archive 2018

India’s response to China’s assertiveness over the seas Note de la FRS Gilles Boquérat

01 Nov 2018

China and European electricity networks: strategy and issues Note de la FRS Nicolas Mazzucchi

11 Sep 2018

Eastern mediterranean energy geostrategy on proposed gas export routes Note de la FRS Thrassy N. Marketos

05 Jul 2018

Kazakhstan’s nuclear policy: an efficient niche diplomacy? Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

01 Jul 2018

Perspectives in gas security of supply: the role of Greece in the Mediterranean Note de la FRS Nicolas Mazzucchi

24 May 2018

The Impact of Organized Crime on Peacekeeping Operations: The Case of Minustah in Haiti Note de la FRS Juan José Riva

09 Apr 2018

Testing Times for Security in East Asia: Evaluating One Year of the Trump Presidency Note de la FRS Valérie Niquet

19 Mar 2018

Chinese Objectives in High Technology Acquisitions and Integration of Military and Civilian Capabilities: A Global Challenge Note de la FRS Valérie Niquet

07 Mar 2018

Archive 2017

Why Must the Sanctions Against Pyongyang be Strengthened? Note de la FRS Benjamin Hautecouverture

19 Dec 2017

Indo-Japanese Strategic Partnership: Scope and Future Avenues Note de la FRS Monika Chansoria

19 Sep 2017

Bridging the Gulf: Turkey’s forward base in Qatar Note de la FRS Antoine Vagneur-Jones, Can Kasapoglu

11 Aug 2017

Global Britain in the Gulf: Brexit and relations with the GCC Note de la FRS Antoine Vagneur-Jones

19 Jul 2017

Thinking Twice about Iran’s Missile Trends: The Threat is Real but Different than Predicted Note de la FRS Stéphane Delory, Can Kasapoglu

29 Jun 2017

North Korea's capabilities and South Korea's dilemma Note de la FRS Antoine Bondaz

08 Jun 2017

A treaty banning nuclear weapons: diversion or breakthrough? Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

16 Mar 2017

War and Opportunity: the Turkistan Islamic Party and the Syrian Conflict Note de la FRS Antoine Vagneur-Jones

02 Mar 2017

Archive 2016

Yamal LNG: an economic project under political pressure Note de la FRS Aurélie Bros, Tatiana A. Mitrova

04 Aug 2016

Satisfaction, frustration and vigilance for the JCPOA’s first anniversary Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

18 Jul 2016

A Critical Response to NATO Rethink, Realign, React Note de la FRS Hall Gardner

23 Jun 2016

The political and military implications of the Minsk 2 agreements Note de la FRS Mathieu Boulègue

19 May 2016

Nato, the F35 and European Nuclear Dilemmas Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

22 Feb 2016

Russia's Evolving Nuclear Doctrine and its Implications Note de la FRS Elbridge Colby

12 Jan 2016

Archive 2015

Code of conduct on space activities: unsolved critiques and the question of its identity Note de la FRS Lucia Marta

17 Dec 2015

The European Union is losing its global clout Note de la FRS Pierre Verluise

06 Nov 2015

The NPT Review Conference: Analyzing the Outcome Note de la FRS Emmanuelle Maitre

07 Oct 2015

Fallout: the defence, industrial and technological benefits of nuclear deterrence Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

01 Jun 2015

The "humanitarian dimension" of nuclear disarmament: a legitimate debate? Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

01 Jun 2015

Deterrence according to François Hollande Note de la FRS Bruno Tertrais

01 Jun 2015

Why should Humanitarian NGOs avoid calling for military interventions? Note de la FRS Manuel Ortega

16 Mar 2015

The Ukrainian Crisis: between the Identity Policy and Confrontation to the “Russian World” Note de la FRS Yulia Tyshchenko

13 Feb 2015

From proliferation to arms race Nuclear challenges in Asia Note de la FRS Morgane Farghen

02 Feb 2015

Archive 2014

The Russian-Ukrainian War and European Security Note de la FRS Marek Menkiszak

18 Dec 2014

A New European Security Order: The Ukraine Crisis and the Missing Post-Cold War Bargain Note de la FRS Samuel Charap, Jeremy Shapiro

08 Dec 2014

Implications of the Ukraine crisis for security, non-proliferation and deterrence in North East Asia Note de la FRS Morgane Farghen

28 May 2014

Great Unfulfilled Expectations: Russia’s Security Dialogue with Europe (Nordika programme) Note de la FRS Dr. Szymon Kardaś

05 Feb 2014

Archive 2013

Russia and the Nordic region: challenges and prospects for cooperation between the EU and Russia Note de la FRS Katri Pynnöniemi

17 Dec 2013

Prevention and management of election-related violence in Kenya : Awareness campaigns and freedom of speech Note de la FRS Mathieu Mérino

10 Nov 2013

Security of Supply Challenges and European Defence Technological and Industrial Base : Debates & Dilemmas (II) Note de la FRS Hélène Masson, Antonio Fonfría, Alessandro Marrone, Harri Mikkola, Marcin Terlikowski

17 Oct 2013

Foreign Fighters in Syria: Still Doing Battle, Still a Multidimensional Danger Note de la FRS Sharon L. Cardash, Frank J. Cilluffo, Jean-Luc Marret

30 Aug 2013

Defining the « European Defence Technological and Industrial Base »: Debates & Dilemmas (I) Note de la FRS Hélène Masson, Christian Mölling, Keith Hartley, Martin Lundmark, Krzysztof Soloch

26 Jul 2013

Nordic Defence cooperation: Background, current trends and future prospects Note de la FRS Juha Jokela, Tuomas Iso-Markku

26 Jun 2013

NORDIKA Programme - Visegrad Group defense cooperation: what added value for the European capabilities? Note de la FRS Madej Marek

19 Jun 2013

Regulatory and economic instruments in order to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050: financial impacts on industry? Note de la FRS Alexandre Taithe

18 Jun 2013

Synergies between EU and NATO? Specialisation as the litmus test for “Smart Defence” and “Pooling and Sharing” Note de la FRS Christian Mölling, Claudia Major

30 May 2013

NATO Military Partnerships: The US National Guard State Partnership as the driving force for pre-accession and long-term cooperation Note de la FRS Samir Battiss

15 May 2013

Africa and the Chemical Weapons Convention Note de la FRS Noël Stott

10 Apr 2013

Known and Unknowns: President Obama’s Lethal Drone Doctrine Note de la FRS Jaclyn Tandler

04 Apr 2013

French defence policy in a time of uncertainties Note de la FRS Yves Boyer

30 Jan 2013

Archive 2012

Any Chance for Inclusive Intergovernmentalism? The Prospects for a Franco-Polish Partnership in the European Union Note de la FRS Elżbieta Kaca, Krzysztof Soloch

02 Oct 2012

On the Road to disengagement? Envisioning a long-term strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan Note de la FRS Michael F. Harsch, Hannes Ebert, Lindsay P. Cohn

12 May 2012